Sustainability Aspects in Smart/Functional Textiles

Textile Science and Fashion Technology 

The consumer and industrial textile fabrics have grown to a multi-billion dollars market now a day, particularly, smart and functional materials (that are used for their extended functional features like water repelling, UV shielding, antibacterial etc.) are the current trend of consumer and institutional textiles and clothing. These smart and functional textiles have several applications in almost every field of life namely fashion, protection, medical, sports, uniforms, sensors and last but not the least packaging. By 2022 total market demand for functional textiles or, more generally, technical textiles have been anticipated to 35.5 million tons at an annual growth rate of 3.7 %. However, use of excessive artificial petroleum-based polymers, fibers, toxic chemical finishes and extensive consumption of energy and water in textile industries pose remarkable threats to the environment. For example, use of toxic solvents like chloroform is dangerous and causes Phosgene (a toxic gas) in the environment. Similarly, use of fluoropolymers in several textile finishes such as water repellent textiles induces bioaccumulative derivatives in the environment. As the environmental, social, and economic consequences associated with functional textiles are serious, health and the environmental regularity bodies, industries and researchers have responded to the concerns. Therefore, in the recent decade, many efforts have been dedicated to improving sustainability in the textile supply chain at each stage from raw materials to final finished garments for example. Sustainable textiles mean that all materials, process and finished goods are safe for both health and the environment, in all the phases of the product lifecycle. It also signifies biodegradability, bio-elimination and recycling aspects of these materials at the highest level of safety.


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