Iris Publishers_Journal of Textile Science & Fashion Technology (JTSFT)

Comparative Analysis of Laser Treatment on Solid and Yarn Dyed Cotton Fabric

Abstract

In this study, Woven fabric was treated by a carbon dioxide (Co2) laser. Two types of 100% cotton fabrics one is solid dyed, and another is yarn dyed samples were treated with a Co2 laser under the same conditions with two laser processing parameters, namely, (i) resolution and (ii) pixel time, were used to adjust the laser power. After laser treatment, the color properties like Color co-ordinate value following CIE L*a*b* method and Metamerism Index were measured. Abrasion pilling resistance and tear strength were also determined. Then the results were analyzed thoroughly and built up a comparison among them.

Keywords: Abrasion pilling resistance; Cotton; Color properties; Laser; Pixel time; Resolution,


Introduction

Laser, a water free physical treatment which provides precision in processing by exposing the textile fabric to laser radiation using efficient intensity. It is considered a clean process that offers low cost and low environmental impact causing the photo-degradation of dye without damaging the textile material [1-3]. From nineteenth century laser is being used in apparel industry [4]. Co2 laser is most suitable for textile materials among all the laser processing machines which are recently available [5,6]. Specially the Co2 pulsed laser, unlike other infra-red lasers, has overcome the shortcoming of the continuous wave mode, causing no thermal damage effect [7]. The Co2 laser is not a good conductor of heat and electricity because its wavelength can be easily absorbed by textiles [8]. The impact of laser treatment is emphasized on the color destruction of 100% cotton fabric [9]. Although the effect of laser treatment on 100% cotton woven fabric has been studied in recent years [10]. The laser treatment for synthetic textile materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyamide (nylon) has been also developed over many years [11,12].

The intent of this study is to assess the effect of Co2 laser treatment on the physical and color properties of 100% cotton woven fabrics having the different structure but were made with same yarn count and weight. A carbon dioxide laser treatment was investigated on the fabrics with different levels of intensity in terms of resolution and pixel time. For that reason, it is important to analyze the impact of laser treatment on the physical properties of the tested fabrics. Different measures such as the tear strength, pilling, color fading effect by evaluating color value have been carried out to establish a most preferable effect.

Materials & Methods

Cotton fabric

Two samples of 100% cotton fabric were collected from Evince Ltd. Bangladesh. The specifications of the samples are shown in Table 1. Both samples were dyed with reactive dye. But the major difference between sample 1 and sample 2 was that the first one is solid dyed and second one is yarn dyed. The two fabrics were conditioned under standard atmospheric condition of 20±20°C and a relative humidity of 65±2% before treatment.

Color measurement

The Color difference of the fabrics were measured by using a spectrophotometer Gretag Macbeth Color-Eye7000A spectrophotometer. The parameters of D65 daylight with a 10° standard observer were used during color measurement. Before the measurement of color, the samples were conditioned at 20±2°C and a relative humidity of 65±2%. ΔE was obtained as color difference of the treated samples.

Abrasion pilling resistance measurement

Abrasion pilling resistance was measured by ICI pilling box tester by JIS L 1076-2006 A method. This test was done on total 8 samples (before and after laser treated sample on solid and yarn dyed both) and the test duration was 10 hours i.e. each sample was abraded for 10 hours. Then it was matched with grading scale of pilling and graded each sample individually according to the visual change.

Tear Strength

The tear strength of the treated and untreated solid and yarn dyed fabric was measured in both warp and weft way using the tearing strength tester according to JISL 1096 method D (pendulum). All the measurement was taken in N (newton).

Results and Discussion

Color co-ordinate value

It has been seen that, both solid dyed and yarn dyed samples the have gradually enhance its lightness value incongruence of the increase of pixel time at same dpi. As a result, among sample SD1 to SD3, laser effect at 50 microsecond pixel time on sample SD3 yields higher color difference which is 7.31 and 7.06 respectively under the light source D65 and TL84. In addition to that, as the untreated solid dyed fabric has pink hue so after laser printing on it the DH value has enhanced and saturation value (DC) and Da value has gradually decreased because the color intensity has attenuating by higher exposure of pixel time (Figure 2).

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